Nick Cassidy set the pace on the final day of Formula E pre-season testing, in what’s been a turbulent and eventful week for everyone at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Valencia.

Jaguar TCS Racing’s pace is evident, with Cassidy topping Friday having completed a clean sweep for the British manufacturer, as Mitch Evans was quickest on Tuesday morning and on Thursday afternoon.

To make up for the time lost following the battery fire on Tuesday afternoon, the final day was extended to a straight 10-hour session; however, the first hour was used to complete a mock-race. The mock-race saw the drivers enter the pits and remain stationary for the amount of time they would if they were receiving fast-charging, in what was an interesting spectacle.

It was Robin Frijns who won the mock-race, although it was far from an accurate representation of the pecking order. When normal service resumed, it was a Jaguar 1-3 come the end of the session, with just under a tenth of a second separating Cassidy and Evans.

In between the Jaguar duo was Maximilian Günther, who was 0.041s behind Cassidy’s leading time of 1m 24.617s. Ahead of testing this week, Günther had been the fastest driver in three of the last years, although the top spot wasn’t to be ahead of season 10.

Mock-race winner Frijns was fourth quickest, meaning three Jaguar powertrains featured in the top-four. Then came the first of the Porsches, as Pascal Wehrlein completed the top-five. Norman Nato was sixth for Andretti Formula E, ahead of Oliver Rowland and Jake Hughes.

Reigning World Champion Jake Dennis could only manage ninth, with season eight World Champion Stoffel Vandoorne completing the top-10.

Rookie Jehan Daruvala enjoyed another solid day in P13, whilst the returning Nyck de Vries was back in action after missing Thursday’s session. It came at a cost though, as the Dutchman spent the day in Edoardo Mortara’s car, due to his not being able to take part in the session. As a result, Mortara didn’t complete any running on the final day.

To make up for not being able to use both cars due to sustaining damage from the fire, Mahindra Racing have been granted additional private testing time at a venue of their choice. At the back of the field were both ERT Formula E Team drivers. Remarkably, just over seven-tenths of a second separated the 21 drivers.

Just like that, Formula E testing has drawn to a close, with all the cars not set to be seen on track together again until the season-opener in Mexico City. Considering what happened on Tuesday afternoon, Formula E and the FIA did a tremendous job to ensure that testing could resume, with only 30 minutes having technically been lost courtesy of the extended sessions on Thursday and Friday.

Jaguar certainly appear to be the team to beat come Mexico City, with Cassidy having been the quickest at 300kW, whilst Evans’ time at 350kW on Tuesday morning was the quickest of the week.

Jaguar TCS Racing may have narrowly missed out on the season nine Constructors’ Championship, but the Coventry-based side arguably enter the new campaign as the hot favourites for the crown.

As a Formula E manufacturer, Jaguar made a strong start to the Gen3 era and continued their upward trend, which has developed over the last few seasons. Alongside Porsche, Jaguar made the most successful transition from Gen2 to Gen3 and in many ways developed the must-have powertrain of 2023.

Most of the manufacturers in Formula E developed a powertrain which was either strong over one-lap or very efficient, with Jaguar having really been the only supplier to have designed a powertrain which was effective in both areas.

Across their four cars, Jaguar claimed the most race wins in the 2022/23 season, with the factory team’s Mitch Evans having picked up four wins, as did Envision Racing’s – Jaguar’s customer team – Nick Cassidy. The British manufacturer had the winning powertrain on eight occasions in the first season of Gen3, meaning that a Jaguar-powered driver was victorious in 50% of the races.

The second best manufacturer was Porsche, who picked up six wins across their two teams as well as the Drivers’ Championship, courtesy of Andretti’s Jake Dennis. It was Jaguar who picked up the Constructors’ Championship, but via their customer team, rather than the full factory outfit.

Whilst the works team insisted that they were delighted for Envision, being beaten to the title by their customer team must have been a kick in the teeth and understandably so. Throughout the entirety of 2023, Mexico City and Jakarta were really the only two venues where the Jaguars all struggled, highlighting their impressive consistency.

As well as claiming the most victories out of all the powertrain suppliers, Jaguar also secured more pole positions than anyone else. Six pole positions were achieved by the famous manufacturer, whilst the next best were Nissan and Stellantis, who both had one of their powered cars start from P1 three times.

If that wasn’t enough for Jaguar, they also racked up more podium finishes in 2023 than any other manufacturer. 20 podium finishes were achieved by Jaguar-powered drivers, two more than were secured by Porsche’s four cars. Along with the German manufacturer, Jaguar-powered cars also managed to claim the fastest lap in six E-Prixs.

The statistics don’t lie. Jaguar were the most successful powertrain supplier in season nine, but why are the works team the favourites to claim the season 10 crown, rather than Envision?

Jaguar TCS Racing’s supreme driver pairing

Envision’s charge to their first Constructors’ Championship was led superbly by Cassidy, who was the season nine Vice Champion behind Dennis. For 2024, the Kiwi has moved from Jaguar’s customer team to the main outfit, replacing Sam Bird who has moved 95 miles south from Coventry to Woking, to join the NEOM McLaren Formula E Team.

Cassidy is forming an all-Kiwi partnership with Evans, in what is, without a shadow of a doubt, the most in-form driver pairing on the season 10 grid. Jaguar have at their disposal the drivers who came second and third last season and were responsible for all of the powertrain supplier’s wins, as well as 15 of their rostrums.

Evans, too often in season nine, was left to fight for the team by himself, with Bird’s recent campaign having been inconsistent. With Cassidy onboard, the factory Jaguar squad have two drivers who should be fighting for the podium in every single round virtually, if they carry over their 2023 form into 2024.

Jaguar are the one manufacturer who really don’t have much to do ahead of pre-season testing, given that they were consistently successful both in qualifying and in the races.

Based on Evans’ and Cassidy’s season nine campaigns, Jaguar could very easily cruise to the season 10 crown in Red Bull-esq fashion, should Norman Nato not be able to support Dennis at Andretti and if TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team’s one-lap woes continue.

Having two of the most in-form drivers in the championship is in many ways a blessing and a curse for Jaguar, with the last thing they need in 2024 being an intra-team rivalry. That is the risk they’ve taken by signing Cassidy, given that if the duo avoid clashing with one another, it could prove to be a dream signing for the team.

With all of that in mind, it’s safe to say that ahead of pre-season testing next month, Jaguar TCS Racing are the favourites for the 2024 title. However, will it be Evans or Cassidy who finishes highest in the Drivers’ Championship?

Season nine runner-up Nick Cassidy has officially been confirmed as a Jaguar TCS Racing driver, having made the switch from customer team Envision Racing.

The move has unofficially been known for a while; however, the Coventry-based team finally announced the huge signing on Monday morning. Cassidy completes an exciting all-Kiwi line-up with Mitch Evans for the 2024 season, after replacing Sam Bird.

Cassidy enjoyed a sensational third season in Formula E which saw him come incredibly close to the Drivers’ Championship, only for an incident in the opening race of the London season finale with former Envision team-mate Sébastian Buemi to end his chances.

Despite this, the 28-year-old bounced back in some style in the second and final race of the season in London, where he secured pole position and a fourth win of 2023. His result was enough to secure Envision the Constructors’ Championship, and deny Jaguar the crown.

As well as claiming four victories in 2023, Cassidy also finished on the rostrum a further four times, with his victory in Portland being one of his standout performances.

His move to Jaguar is a deserving one for the Auckland-born driver, who is “very excited” to race for a team with “such a successful motorsport history”.

“I’m very excited to be joining the Jaguar TCS Racing team for the 2024 ABB FIA Formula E World Championship and looking forward to racing for a team like Jaguar that has such a successful motorsport history,” Cassidy said.

“This season has been my most successful to date, so I can’t wait to get behind the wheel of the Jaguar I-TYPE 6 and fight for points, podiums and wins.

“Looking forward to having Mitch as a teammate, we have known each other since we were kids and have raced against each other for years, so I’m proud that we will be racing together and hope to continue to put New Zealand on the map in motorsport.”

With Cassidy onboard, Jaguar stand a much better chance of winning the title in season 10, due to Evans having often been the team’s only hope of victory the last two seasons. Bird struggled to compete with Evans in season eight and season nine, something which has arguably seen the side need to sign a current frontrunner.

Cassidy very much fits that criteria, something Team Principal James Barclay pointed out when revealing his pleasure at the signing of the New Zealander.

“We are thrilled to announce that Nick Cassidy has joined Jaguar TCS Racing,” Barclay said.

“Nick’s track record speaks for itself and he is someone we have always had our eye on back to his time racing in Japan. Since joining Formula E he has gone from strength to strength and his 2023 season was very impressive. Nick was highly motivated to join the team and we are proud to welcome him into the Jaguar family.

“We head into the new season with one of the strongest driver line-ups on the grid and, paired with the Jaguar I-TYPE 6 and our talented team, we will be looking to once again challenge for both the Drivers and Teams World Championship titles.”

Nick Cassidy was “proud” of himself for having won the 2022/23 Formula E season finale, following a sleepless night after his opening day disappointment in London.

Cassidy ended the Formula E season perfectly at the ExCeL Centre on Sunday, by bouncing back from his heartbreaking retirement in the first race of the double-header finale.

The Kiwi entered the London E-Prix as Jake Dennis’ main rival in the Drivers’ Championship, and started the weekend emphatically. He progressed to the final of the duels ahead of race one and ultimately inherited pole position from Mitch Evans, who had a five-place grid penalty.

Cassidy started the race flawlessly and led with conviction; however, his race and his title chances fell to pieces after activating his second Attack Mode. After activating his final Attack Mode, the New Zealander found himself directly ahead of Dennis but behind team-mate Sébastian Buemi.

Buemi was shouting over the radio to Envision Racing asking for instructions, with the Swiss driver having been keen to support his team-mate. Envision buckled under the pressure and failed to give Buemi and Cassidy accurate orders, resulting in Cassidy trying to overtake Buemi himself.

Cassidy was on the outside of Buemi at Turn 3 when contact was made between the pair, destroying his front wing and title chances. He was forced to immediately pit for repairs, before retiring from the race moments later.

Envision’s embarrassing blunder handed Dennis the title, and damaged their own chances in the Constructors’ Championship. The Silverstone-based side lost their entire lead in the standings, and entered the final day of the season level on points with Jaguar TCS Racing.

Cassidy was visibly dejected after the race and admitted that he struggled to sleep as a result, following his “difficult day”.

He arrived back to the circuit for the second race of the double-header keen to do the “business” though, and claim the Teams’ title for Envision before moving to Jaguar for 2024.

Remarkably, Cassidy claimed his first outright pole position of the season ahead of the finale, giving Envision a three-point lead heading into the last race of 2023. The conditions for the final race couldn’t have been any worse, as a series of heavy downpours resulted in two early red flags.

Due to the weather and the track conditions, the season finale featured two lengthy stoppages, with a combined delay time of 1h 10m. When the race did finally get properly underway, Cassidy was untouchable.

His experience racing in Japan in the Super Formula series helped him massively in the treacherous conditions, as he stormed to victory by over three seconds ahead of Evans. The leading duo were over 10 seconds ahead of Dennis in third, highlighting their superiority.

The result, most importantly, secured Envision their first championship in Formula E and saw Cassidy end the year second in the Drivers’ Championship.

He was “super super happy” to have done the job and to have secured Envision the championship, with the 28-year-old having hailed the side as an “incredible bunch of people”.

“It’s mixed emotions but ultimately I’m very happy because today was a difficult day for me mostly because I didn’t sleep well last night, I arrived late – but I did the business so I’m proud. The team have been absolutely incredible,” said Cassidy.

“They’re an incredible bunch of people and they work so hard. Of course every team does but these guys have been close on so many occasions and I think that just shows how strong they have been in this championship, and to finally get it done for them I am super super happy.”

Nick Cassidy heads to the 2023 Formula E season finale proud of his “massive breakthrough year”, with the Envision Racing driver having a chance of leaving the London E-Prix as World Champion.

Cassidy has performed exceptionally in season nine, with him having been one of the most consistent drivers all year. He enters the London double-header 24 points behind championship leader Jake Dennis, with him being the British driver’s closest competitor.

The Envision driver would’ve been significantly closer to Dennis in the title fight if he hadn’t finished outside the points in the second race in Rome, something which happened through no fault of his own.

Cassidy tumbled to the back of the field on the second lap after fellow New Zealander Mitch Evans launched over him, ending the Jaguar TCS Racing driver’s realistic title chances.

Cassidy is still just about in contention for the Drivers’ Championship, with 58 points being up for grabs in East London. He recognises though, that he is a reasonable number of points behind Dennis, something which does take the “pressure off”.

“Because it’s now the 24 points sure takes pressure off,” Cassidy admitted to Motorsport Week.

“I’m sure it lets me attack more, but it doesn’t mean that I wanted to be in this position.”

It’s not just the Drivers’ Championship which Cassidy has to consider this weekend, with Envision currently leading the Constructors’ Standings by 14 points.

The Silverstone-based team sit narrowly ahead of the TAG Heuer Porsche Formula E Team, leaving Cassidy with two titles to fight for. However, he’s opted to “focus” purely on the Drivers’ Championship, given that the more points he scores for himself, the more he’ll score for the team.

“I think I’ve just got to focus on the Drivers’ because, in the end, the more points I score is only going to help the team anyway,” said the Kiwi.

Regardless of whether Cassidy leaves London as World Champion or not, the 28-year-old has done brilliantly this season.

He’s very much developed into a leading driver in the all-electric series this campaign, with him having built in stature. The Auckland-born driver joined Formula E in 2021, a season which saw him claim two podiums and two pole positions.

In his second season for Envision and in Formula E last year, he claimed his first win and two poles once again, whereas this season he’s stormed to seven rostrums, which include three victories.

Cassidy views season nine as a “massive breakthrough year” for him, with the driver hoping that he can be “really proud” of himself come the end of the season finale on Sunday.

“Yeah, just a massive breakthrough year for me. Really good,” Cassidy said in reflection of his season.

“I hope to continue that this weekend, though, to add to the statistics, not to finish them here, and yeah, I hope on Sunday I can be really proud of myself.”

Championship contender Nick Cassidy has completed a move to Jaguar TCS Racing for 2024 on a multi-year contract, according to The Race.

The huge signing was revealed by the publication on Thursday ahead of this weekend’s Rome doubleheader – the penultimate venue of the season. Cassidy will be departing Envision Racing to replace Briton Sam Bird at Jaguar, where he’ll form an exciting driver pairing alongside fellow New Zealander and title rival Mitch Evans. 

Reportedly, Cassidy and his representatives have been talking to the factory outfit for months, with his three-year Envision contract to expire this summer. The Race understands that the deal was signed following the Auckland-born driver’s stunning Portland E-Prix victory, a race which featured a record-breaking 403 overtakes.

Cassidy’s market value has risen exponentially since he made his first Formula E appearance for Envision in season seven, with the 28-year-old having claimed four wins in his 43 starts for the Jaguar customer team. 

It’s his form this season though, which has caught Jaguar’s attention, given that three of his four wins in the all-electric series have come in the last five races. Victories in Berlin, Monaco and recently in Portland have thrown Cassidy into title contention.

He briefly led the standings following his magical Monaco win, only for a disappointing weekend in Jakarta to drop him back to third. Despite this, Cassidy enters the Rome E-Prix second in the Drivers’ Championship and just a point behind leader Jake Dennis, following his stunning win across the pond. 

Whilst qualifying hasn’t been his strong point this campaign, on the whole, Cassidy’s mental awareness and strategic in-race planning has been, in many ways, unbeatable. The Envision driver has mastered this season’s questionable peloton-style racing, which has played a dominant role in the start of the Gen3 era. 

Cassidy’s consistency has been breathtaking following a slow start to the season, with the driver having featured on the podium at six of the past nine races. Only Dennis has claimed more podiums this season, something which has seen the Andretti driver head to the Italian capital with his miniscule lead at the top of the standings over Cassidy.

His move to Jaguar will see the Coventry-based team boast one of the strongest pairings on the grid, whilst it’ll also increase their hopes going forward of winning a first Constructors’ Championship. The factory side currently sit third in the standings but 47 points behind Porsche, largely due to a recent unfortunate run for Bird.

Jaguar are yet to officially confirm the signing of Cassidy and the departure of Bird, with Team Principal James Barclay wanting the side to keep their sights on “this season’s fight”.

“Our focus is very much on this season’s fight for both the team and driver world championship titles and having a successful end to this very competitive season,” Barclay said in a statement to The Race.

“Whilst we are of course well underway with our planning for the 2024 ABB FIA Formula E world championship season we will announce relevant news, including that of our driver line-up, at a later date.”

An official announcement regarding Jaguar’s 2024 line-up is expected to be made following the conclusion of the 2022/23 season, which could see Evans or Cassidy crowned as FE World Champion.

Nick Cassidy took victory around the streets of Monaco to launch himself to the top of the Drivers’ Championship.

Off the back of the win in Berlin, the Kiwi returned to the podium and took the championship lead off of Pascal Wehrlein.

The race started cleanly; all the cars made it through the first lap in one piece. Jake Hughes started from pole position after Sacha Fenestraz’s lost his lap time in qualifying due to a technical infringement.

Andre Lotterer was the first car to retire from the race, colliding with Rene Rast into Sainte Devote. The driver hit the wall, forcing him to park in a service road.

Cassidy had a heroic opening set of laps, making up several places into turn 7 and steadily climbing up the field despite not qualifying in the top eight this morning.

Oliver Rowland also made some impressive strides in the opening phases of the race before taking attack mode early. After several heroic moves to get him up the order, Rowland left it too late to stop the car and lost his front wing into the chicane.

Cassidy, Fenestraz and Mitch Evans swapped the lead as they each chose their opportune moment to take attack mode.

Jake Dennis managed to keep his nose clean and climb through the field to challenge for podium positions with fellow championship rival Cassidy.

Dan Ticktum had another impressive qualifying in his NIO 333 and started the race in fifth. Efficiency has previously challenged the Chinese team when retaining track positions.

A string of incidents between Maximillian Gunther, Norman Nato and Ticktum forced out a safety car to retrieve Gunther.

The German driver’s day ended when he collided with the back of Ticktum through Beau Rivage and parked it at turn 3.

Ticktum already had damage after he went into the back of Norman Nato, snapping his wing and puncturing the Frenchman’s tyre.

The safety car allowed Ticktum to unlodge the snapped bit of front wing off of his car and continue in the race, with less downforce to utilise in saving his position.

With a second safety car coming out after just one racing lap, Ticktum was able to retain his position and finish sixth.

After the podium in Berlin got his season back on track, Jake Dennis clawed his way through the field to be up at the sharp end towards the end.

Cassidy looked strong on the first race restart as he attempted to secure his second race win in a row. However, the Kiwi had less energy to play with than Evans and Dennis behind as well as the safety car closing up the field behind.

Racing was short-lived after the restart bringing out a second safety car just a lap later.

The incident was between Sam Bird and Nico Muller and caused the race to be finished the race under caution, as Muller’s car had to be retrieved from the track.

The safety car protected those in the podium positions from the cars behind, with the race going Cassidy’s way.

After a difficult qualifying saw both of their cars disqualified with a technical infringement, the DS Penske cars did well to climb through the field into the points positions.

Jean-Eric Vergne ended the race seventh while Stoffel Vandoorne took the checkered flag in ninth in a welcome recovery drive for both drivers.

Mitch Evans took his third consecutive podium in Monaco finishing in second.

Dennis continued his form of only finishing on the podium this season, taking the checkered flag in third position.

The pattern of pole sitters being unable to convert race wins continues with Hughes ending the session fifth.

Bird did round out the top ten, securing a needed point for the drivers’ campaign. However, he will be investigated after the race for his involvement in the collision with Muller.

Racing returns as Formula E heads to Jakarta for a doubleheader in June.

Nick Cassidy had to shift his mindset after “hot-headed” moment with teammate Sebastian Buemi in Berlin.

One of the main storylines of the Berlin weekend was the ongoing tension between Envision teammates Buemi and Cassidy, which started in the driver’s room post-race.

Posted to the Formula E social channels post-race, Buemi sat in the driver’s room in silence, ignoring teammate Cassidy who was attempting to ask the Swiss driver questions about his race.

After calling teammate Buemi out over the radio in Sunday’s FP3 session, Cassidy said post-race he had to reign himself in and examine his behaviour, something he attributed his success in the race to.

Things got worse for Cassidy when his lap time was deleted in qualifying for improper power activation, allowing Buemi through to the semi-finals.

“This morning I was a bit hot-headed, I needed to say to myself before the race ‘calm down a bit’ and pull myself back into line”

Team manager Sylvan Filippi was also quick to quash any discussions of tension between his drivers in the coverage post session while the drivers seemed more than happy chatting away to one another.

“When you have the car to win races and championships, the stakes are obviously higher. There’s a bit of frustration sometimes. It’s our job to calm things down and then make sure they are focused on the job. I would much rather have that and a quick car than the other way round.”

“”The boys get on famously. It’s all good. But when the prize is so near, and you can see something exciting, emotions are a bit higher. It’s normal to see that in any motorsport.”

Nick Cassidy claimed his first win of the season in Berlin, joined by Jake Dennis and Jean-Eric Vergne on the podium.

Protesters entering the track caused a delay to the start of the race with two sitting in front of Vergne’s car.

After a very wet qualifying, conditions cleared up significantly and left just a few damp patches on the track by the start of the race.

Once again, drivers tried to avoid leading the race, with the cars being much more efficient in the tow.

After starting in pole position, Robin Frijns dropped down to 12th in as many laps while teammate Nico Muller was still fighting up at the front with positions changing constantly.

After some harsh words shared between the two across the weekend, teammates Cassidy and Sebastian Buemi continued their frosty exchange throughout the race.

Andre Lotterer found himself in the runoff and damaged his front wing, forcing him to pit to change it and leaving debris in turn seven. Edoardo Mortara was also forced to pit after damage from hitting Jake Dennis on the grid.

With the top ten fighting so close together, several cars were nursing small bits of damage from the field being so close.

Sam Bird was the third victim of front wing damage, forcing him to pit after contact with Oliver Rowland. Then Sebastian Buemi lost his front wing and got lodged under his front tyres, ending his race.

Antonio Felix Da Costa pled with his team to release him from behind Wehrlein to fight with the front-running cars. He was eventually allowed to pass his teammate at turn six, activating team orders to get the most out of the race.

Dennis had another stunning climb through the field and sat behind Cassidy in second place for several laps, not wanting to be the car to punch a hole in the air for everyone else.

Contact between Da Costa and Mitch Evans towards the rear of the lead pack allowed the top three of Cassidy, Dennis and Vergne to extend their lead ahead.

After dropping out of the points, Muller worked his way back up to ninth with a few laps to go and claimed his first points for the team.

Dennis continued to allow Cassidy to lead the race and expend more energy while he focused on keeping Vergne behind.

Maximillian Gunther had a superb race in his Maserati after his podium yesterday, climbing from the back row of the grid up to sixth by the end of the race.

After his controversial incident with Vandoorne yesterday, Dan Ticktum was able to keep it clean and climb up to the points and finish tenth.

Dennis left it right to the end to take the fight to Cassidy, with Evans also trying to take the third spot on the podium from Vergne.

Despite having more energy than Cassidy, Dennis was unable to take the lead off of the Envision driver. The Kiwi won his first race since New York last season.

Porsche will be slightly disappointed with their result after having the pace to win the race. Da Costa finished fifth, while Wehrlein finished seventh.

Racing action will continue in a fortnight for the Monaco ePrix.

Nick Cassidy will be taking part in the final two races of the 2021 DTM calendar, replacing Alex Albon.

Cassidy will be driving the AlphaTauri-liveried, AF Corse-operated Ferrari 488 GT3 Evo at the Norisring finale. It will mark the New Zealander’s second start in a DTM event, after a wildcard start in a Lexus LC500 Super GT car at the Hockenheimring in 2019.

The plan had always been for Albon and Cassidy to share the car throughout the season, with Cassidy taking over whenever the DTM season clashed with Albon’s commitments as a test and reserve driver at Red Bull.

Albon was allowed to participate in the championship round at the Red Bull Ring despite the clash with the Dutch Grand Prix as his previous victory at the Nürburgring put him into title contention.

However, with Albon no longer in title contention and the Norisring finale clashing with the Turkish Grand Prix, the decision was made to insert Cassidy into the car for the season finale instead.

Albon will return to a full-time position in Formula 1 with Williams in 2022, meaning that his DTM tenure will come to a premature end. He leaves the series with one victory and three podiums out of 14 race starts.

Cassidy, meanwhile, steps into the weekend in a likely supporting role for compatriot Liam Lawson. Lawson is embroiled in a fierce battle for the championship with Kelvin van der Linde. The title battle will be decided this weekend.

The 2019 Japanese Super GT champion is no stranger to the Nuremberg street circuit, having raced there in Formula 3 in both 2013 and 2016.